![]() ![]() ![]() What are Absolute Cell References in Excel? In such cases, you can create the formula for one cell and copy-paste it into all cells. Relative cell references are useful when you have to create a formula for a range of cells and the formula needs to refer to a relative cell reference. When to Use Relative Cell References in Excel? These cell references that adjust itself when the cell is copied are called relative cell references in Excel. For example, the formula in cell D3 becomes B3*C3 and the formula in D4 becomes B4*C4. When you do it, you will notice that the cell reference automatically adjusts to refer to the corresponding row. Now, instead of entering the formula for all the cells one by one, you can simply copy cell D2 and paste it into all the other cells (D3:D8). To calculate the total for each item, we need to multiply the price of each item with the quantity of that item.įor the first item, the formula in cell D2 would be B2* C2 (as shown below): Let me take a simple example to explain the concept of relative cell references in Excel. What are Relative Cell References in Excel? How to Change the Reference from Relative to Absolute (or Mixed)?.What are Mixed Cell References in Excel?.When to Use Absolute Cell References in Excel?.What are Absolute Cell References in Excel?.When to Use Relative Cell References in Excel?.What are Relative Cell References in Excel?.It is also good to use the online tools and calculators. If you input the accurate information then the results will be correct. They are proven mathematical formulas of algebra and geometry. The charts and information above are all essential to water heating. We will have to do a separate article on Steam in a future issue. It is a viable heating source and there are several factors that must be considered such as operating pressure, steam trap and condensate line sizing and so on. There is a lot of other information that we could add such as Steam. Lawler Mixing Valve Sizing (Online – account setup) ĭSIRE Database of State/Federal Renewable Energy Rebates ĪSCO Valve Online Product Selector (Valves – solenoid, pilot, pneumatic, etc.) Taco Pump Selection Wizard (Online Pump Selector) ![]() Lochinvar Water Heater Sizing (Download) Ĭylinder Calculator (Storage Tanks) / Other Math Calculators Įlectrical/Mechanical/Industrial/Civil/Chemical/Aeronautical Calculators ī&G System Syzer (Piping/Pressure Drop Tool Download) ī&G Selection and Sizing Tools (Pumps, Regulators, Steam and Condensate) Here are a few links to some useful websites: The internet is full of helpful resources to get the job done quicker. There are an unlimited number of online tools and calculators for every mathematical formula. Water expands 4.34% when heated from 40✯ to 212✯ĬLOSED VESSEL BOILING POINT PSI Sea Level % of Hot Water Required = (Mixed Water ✯ – Cold Water ✯)ġ Cubic Ft = 62.428 Pounds (at 39.2✯ – maximum density)ġ Cubic Ft = 59.83 Pounds (at 212✯ – boiling point) Rise (∆T) = (BTU/Hr INPUT x % Efficiency)Įlectric = (kW INPUT x 3412 BTU/kW x % Efficiency) Time in Hours = (GPH x Temperature Rise x 8.33 Lbs/Gallon) % EFFICIENCY = (GPH x Temperature Rise x 8.33 Lbs/Gallon) Maximum Flame Propagation (GAS/AIR Mixture) = 10% 5%ġ Pound of Gas (1 PSI) = 28″ Water Column (w.c.)ġ Kilowatt Hour (kWH) will evaporate 3.5 pounds of water from and at 212✯Īmperage – Single Phase (1 Ø) = KW x 1000 or WATTAGEĪmperage – Three Phase (3 Ø) = KW x 1000 or WATTAGEīTU OUTPUT = GPM x Temperature Rise x 8.33 Lbs/Gallon x 60 MinutesīTU INPUT = (GPM x Temperature Rise x 8.33 Lbs/Gallon x 60 Minutes) Water weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon so we can calculate that one gallon of water requires 8.33 BTU to raise the temperature 1✯.ġ Boiler Horsepower (BHP) = 34.5 Pounds of Steam 212✯įlammability Limits (GAS/AIR Mixture) = 4%-14% 2.4%-9.6% One BTU is the amount of heat energy required to raise one pound of water by 1✯. The best part is that you won’t have to read too much from me as these charts and formulas speak for themselves! So here we go…Ī British Thermal Unit (BTU) is a measurement of heat energy. I don’t receive many requests so I am glad to accommodate on such a pertinent subject. It’s 2012 already and in this issue we will try to give you plenty of information and useful charts related to water heating.
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